Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Information Services Delivery by Librarians in Universities in Northwest Nigeria: Case Study of Kashim Ibrahim Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64845/jistech.v1i2.58Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, AI Awareness, Integration Challenges, Northwest Nigeria, Library ServicesAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing library services globally by automating processes, enhancing user engagement, and improving information retrieval efficiency. This study evaluates AI integration for information service delivery at Kashim Ibrahim Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Northwest Nigeria, a region with limited AI adoption in academic libraries. The population comprised 90 academic librarians. Research objectives were to identify AI technologies librarians are aware of and determine challenges hindering integration. A descriptive survey design employed a structured questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale (Strongly Agree=4, Agree=3, Disagree=2, Strongly Disagree=1). Validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability via Guttman Split-half test (r=0.91). Data from 90 respondents were analyzed using mean (x̄) and standard deviation (σ), benchmarked against a decision mean of 2.50. Findings from the study revealed high awareness of chatbots (x̄=3.25) and recommendation systems (x̄=3.10), moderate for automated cataloging (x̄=2.70) and NLP (x̄=2.60), but low for text mining (x̄=2.15). Major challenges included insufficient funding (x̄=3.40), lack of trained personnel (x̄=3.20), and unreliable infrastructure (x̄=2.90). The study concludes that AI awareness exists but integration is constrained by resource and skill deficits.
References
Abayomi, A. A., Adebayo, O., & Yusuf, T. (2021). Barriers to artificial intelligence integration in Nigerian academic libraries: A preliminary study. Library Management Journal, 42(3), 112–125.
Abdullahi, F., Tella, A., & Salawu, K. Y. (2022). Innovative approaches to digital resource management in Nigerian university libraries. African Journal of Library and Information Science, 28(1), 45–60.
Agyemang, F. K., & Okagbue, E. (2024). AI chatbot implementation in Ghanaian academic libraries: The case of Balme Library. West African Journal of Library and Information Science, 15(2), 78–92.
Ajani, Y. A., Tella, A., Salawu, K. Y., & Abdullahi, F. (2022). Perspectives of librarians on awareness and readiness of academic libraries to integrate artificial intelligence for library operations and services in Nigeria. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 26(4), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2022.2081810
Akmal, N. A. H., et al. (2025). AI’s role in transforming learning environments: A review of collaborative approaches and innovations. Emerald Insight.
Asemi, A., Ko, A., & Nowkarizi, M. (2020). Intelligent libraries: A review on expert systems, artificial intelligence, and robot. Library Hi Tech, 38(2), 412–434. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-06-2019-0123 (
Asim, M., Arif, M., Rafiq, M., & Ahmad, R. (2023). Investigating applications of Artificial Intelligence in university libraries of Pakistan: An empirical study. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(6), Article 102803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102803
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Echedom, A. U., & Okuonghae, O. (2021). Artificial intelligence in libraries: Prospects and challenges in Nigerian academic libraries. In N. E. Osuigwe (Ed.), Managing and adapting library information services for future users (pp. 100–119). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1116-9.ch006
Enakrire, R. T., & Oladokun, O. (2024). Artificial intelligence and library services in West Africa: Opportunities and barriers. International Journal of Library and Information Services, 13(1), 1–18.
Jyoti, R., & Kumar, S. (2024). AI-driven personalization in academic libraries: A global perspective. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 56(2), 210–225.
Khan, A. A., Badshah, S., Liang, P., Waseem, M., Khan, B., Ahmad, A., Fahmideh, M., Niazi, M., & Akbar, M. A. (2022). Ethics of AI: A systematic literature review of principles and challenges. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE '22) (pp. 120–127). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3530019.3530025
Kusters, A., et al. (2020). Ethical considerations in AI data reuse: Informed consent and transparency. Journal of Information Ethics, 29(1), 45–60.
Lappalainen, Y., & Narayanan, N. (2023). Aisha: A custom AI library chatbot using the ChatGPT API. Journal of Web Librarianship, 17(3), 37–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2023.2221482
Liaw, W., et al. (2020). Data consent frameworks in AI-driven systems: A library perspective. Library Trends, 68(4), 567–582.
Li, Y., Li, X., & Zhao, Q. (2023). Multimodal deep learning framework for book recommendations: Harnessing image processing with VGG16 and textual analysis via LSTM-enhanced Word2Vec. Traitement du Signal, 40(4), 1543–1556. https://doi.org/10.18280/ts.400401
Lin, C. H., Chiu, D. K. W., & Lam, K. T. (2022). Hong Kong academic librarians’ attitudes toward robotic process automation. Library Hi Tech, 40(5), 1234–1250. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2022-0141
Lund, B. D., & Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-01-2023-0009
Moustapha, A. A., & Yusuf, I. O. (2023). Adoption of artificial intelligence to improve library service delivery in academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 7915. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/7915
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021b). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, Article 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041
Ng, D. T. K., Lee, M., Tan, R. J. Y., Hu, X., Downie, J. S., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023a). A review of AI teaching and learning from 2000 to 2020: A content analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 28(7), 8345–8380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11513-3
Ngulube, P., & Mosha, N. F. (2024). Integrating artificial intelligence-based technologies ‘safely’ in academic libraries: An overview through a scoping review. Information Development. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241262753
Obiano, D. C., Onuoha, C. O., Adeoye, A. A., Nwosu, J. C., & Folarin, M. (2022). Aiding the exploration of artificial intelligence in Nigerian academic libraries in the 21st century. Information Technology and Librarianship, 2(1–2), 1–13.
Okuonghae, O., & Tunmibi, O. (2025). Nigeria’s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2024–2030): Implications for education and research. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 17(1), 89–102.
Oladokun, T. A., et al. (2023). AI in service sectors: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Service Management, 34(4), 567–589.
Omigie, C. A., Krubu, D. E., & Anthony, O. S. (2023). Exploring artificial intelligence for records and archival management system (AI-RAMS) for Nigerian public organizations. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 8032. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/8032
Onwubiko, A. C. (2025). Challenges of AI adoption in Nigerian academic libraries. International Journal of Digital Libraries, 26(1), 45–60.
Panda, S., & Chakravarty, R. (2022). AI-powered search engines in academic libraries: A case study of University of Oklahoma. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 42(5), 321–328.
Oyetola, S. O., Oladokun, B. D., Maxwell, C. E., & Akor, S. O. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the library: Gauging the potential application and implications for contemporary library services in Nigeria. Data and Metadata, 2, 36. https://doi.org/10.56294/dm202336
Subaveerapandiyan, A., Sunanthini, C., & Amees, M. (2023). A study on the knowledge and perception of artificial intelligence. IFLA Journal, 49(3), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352231193721
UNESCO. (2021). AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000376709
UNESCO. (2023). AI in education: Infrastructure challenges in developing countries. UNESCO.
Verma, M. (2023). Novel study on AI-based chatbot (ChatGPT) impacts on the traditional library management. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 7(1), 961–964.
Yoon, J. W., Andrews, J. E., & Ward, H. L. (2022). Perceptions on adopting artificial intelligence and related technologies in libraries: Public and academic librarians in North America. Library Hi Tech, 40(6), 1893–1915. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2022-0141
Yusuf, T., Adebayo, O., & Bello, L. (2022). Adoption of artificial intelligence for effective library service delivery in academic libraries in Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 6804. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6804.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sadiat Lola Atte (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Similar Articles
- Kayode Sunday John Dada, Utilization of Library Technology Services for Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna State , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Dwi Fatmasari, Deep Audio-Visual Fusion with Attention Mechanisms for Multimodal Perception: A Systematic Review , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Nurul Hidayati, Bridging Vision and Understanding: The Central Role of Computer Vision in AI , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Egi Al Fansyah, Muharman Lubis, Muhammad Dwi Hary Sandy, Towards Adaptive Cybersecurity in Smart Cities: Threat Trends, Mitigation Strategies, and Future Scenarios , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Moh. Habibur Rahman, Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Personalisasi Pembelajaran Online: Sebuah Tinjauan dari Pendekatan Komputer dan Sistem Informatika , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Cici Lestari Farida, Information Systems Perspective on Data Extraction in Social Media: Toward a Theoretical Framework , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Zainal Arifin, Development of a Web-Based TOEFL E-Certificate System with QR Code Verification and AES–SHA-256 Security Framework , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Haris Maulana, Desain dan Analisis Kinerja Arsitektur Pendingin Cerdas untuk Mengurangi Panas Berlebih dan Korsleting pada Motherboard Laptop , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Michael Atoran, A Low-Power Air Quality Monitoring System Based on the TI MSP430 Microcontroller Family: Design and Experimental Evaluation , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
- Andika Pratama, Wei Zhang Liu, Development and User Satisfaction Analysis of a Web-Based Training Information System Using Laravel and RUP: Case Study at the CEdEC Department, JGU , Journal of Information Systems and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Information Systems and Technology
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
